2016 - 2018年泰安市登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析

目的 了解泰安市登革热媒介伊蚊种类构成、密度、季节变化，为登革热风险评估提供科学依据。方法 利用布雷图指数(BI)、容器指数(CI)和房屋指数(HI)等指标评价伊蚊幼虫密度， 2016 - 2018年6 - 9月每月各监测1次，对监测结果进行统计学分析。结果 2016 - 2018年平均BI为27.64，CI为16.88%，HI为20.28%。2016 - 2018年3年间白纹伊蚊布雷图指数（BI）呈逐年下降趋势，容器指数（CI）、房屋指数（HI）在3年间呈波动趋势，2018年CI明显高于2016年和2017年，而HI也有上升趋势。2016年BI、CI在8月份最高（BI = 62.79，CI = 32.73%），HI在7月份最高（33.00%）。2017年BI、CI、HI密度高峰均集中在9月份（分别为48.00、24.24%和29.00%）。2018年BI、HI密度高峰在6月份（41.00和34.00%），CI在9月份最高（48.89%）。2016 - 2018年间容器指数差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 29.693，P = 0.000）。不同容器种类的CI差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 29.366，P = 0.000)，其中，废旧轮胎的CI最高（23.81%），其次是闲置容器（20.72%）。闲置容器（碗、瓶、缸、罐）的孳生地构成比最高为66.67%。结论 泰安市白纹伊蚊幼虫密度较高，有明显季节性。做好媒介生物防治知识宣传，加强密度监测，在活动高峰期持续清除孳生地和杀灭成蚊，可有效降低蚊虫密度水平。     

臭氧在妇科阴道炎症治疗中的应用

目的探讨臭氧在妇科阴道炎治疗中的作用及安全性。方法对2009年6月至2012年6月在来宾市卫校附属医院就诊的800例阴道炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。依据炎症类型分为细菌性阴道炎(BV)、滴虫阴道炎(TV)、念珠菌性阴道炎(MV)、混合性阴道炎(CV)4类,各200例;每类再根据治疗方法不同分为臭氧组和常规治疗组,每组100例,其中臭氧组予以臭氧治疗,常规治疗组予以常规治疗,比较4类中臭氧组与常规治疗组患者临床症状及体征改善情况、治疗效果、症状缓解时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 BV、MV及CV患者治疗后,臭氧组与常规治疗组症状体征评分及症状缓解时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而TV臭氧组与常规治疗组的症状体征评分及症状缓解时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除TV中的常规治疗组疗效显著高于臭氧组(P<0.05)外,其余各类阴道炎的臭氧组与常规治疗组的疗效比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗中臭氧组有2例MV患者因臭氧过敏出现临床症状轻度加重,常规治疗组有5例出现局部药疹,4例外阴瘙痒加重,两组不良反应差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.517,P<0.05)。结论臭氧在妇科阴道炎症中的应用,具有效性、安全性,有广阔的应用前景。     

A pharmacokinetic comparison of anrukinzumab,an anti- IL-13 monoclonal antibody,among healthy volunteers,asthma and ulcerative colitis patients

AimsAnrukinzumab is an anti-IL13 monoclonal antibody. The goals of this study are to characterize the pharmacokinetics of anrukinzumab in healthy volunteers and different disease states and to identify covariates.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed in NONMEM, using data from five clinical studies including healthy volunteers, asthma and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Different dosing regimens including different routes of administration were also included in the data.ResultsThe PK of anrukinzumab were described by a two compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. The population estimates (relative standard error) of the volumes of distribution in the central (V_c) and peripheral (V_p) compartments were 3.8 (4.6%) and 2.2 l (8.7%), respectively. In non-UC patients, the population estimate of the systemic clearance (CL) and inter-compartmental CL was 0.00732 l h^–1 (4.9%) and 0.0224 l h^–1 (15.4%). For subcutaneous administration, the absorption rate constant was 0.012 h^–1 (6.6%) and bioavailability was nearly 100% in healthy and mild to moderate asthma patients. Both V and CL increased with body weight. CL (but not V) decreased with increasing baseline albumin concentrations. UC patients had an increased CL of 72.3% (10.5%), after correction for differences in body weight and albumin. Moderate to severe asthma patients had decreased bioavailability compared with other populations.ConclusionsAnrukinzumab''s PK behave like a typical antibody. UC patients were identified to have a faster CL of anrukinzumab than healthy volunteers and asthma patients. This finding suggests a higher dose level may be required for this population.     

应用负压封闭引流治疗高位小肠瘘

目的观察和评价采用负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗高位小肠外瘘的临床效果。方法笔者科室2014年3月~2015年12月收治12例高位小肠外瘘患者,其中男性7例,女性5例,年龄32~65岁,平均52岁。对瘘口及瘘道采用VSD进行引流,同时辅以营养、支持、抗感染等手段进行治疗。结果全组患者瘘口全部关闭愈合,避免了手术,且愈合时间较短,平均愈合时间45.3d。结论采用VSD应用于高位小肠外瘘引流效果较常规方法优势明显,既能有效控制感染,又能明显缩短愈合时间,值得推广。     

The diagnostic and prognostic value of MRP8/MRP14 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) and 14 (MRP14) are abundantly expressed in several kinds of benign and malignant tumors. However, little is known about their clinicopathological significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB), or inflammatory hepatic biliary ducts epithelium (IHBD). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of MRP8 and MRP14 as new biomarkers for ICC. We examined MRP8 and MRP14 expression levels by immunohistochemistry in IHBD (n = 15), BilIN (BilIN1 = 24, BilIN2 = 9, BilIN3 = 5), IPNB (n = 18) and ICC (n = 416). The differential diagnostic and prognosis values were also evaluated. The results showed that the ratio of tumor-infiltrating MRP8 and MRP14 positive immune cells, relative to biliary epithelial cells, was significantly increased in ICC tissues compared with nonmalignant tissues, including IHBD, BilIN1, BilIN2, BilIN3, and IPNB (P value < 0.05). In addition, over-expression levels of MRP8 and MRP14 were correlated with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) by univariate analysis; MRP8/MRP14 combination was an independent prognostic factor for OS and TTR. MRP8 and MRP14 expression might help to identify the benign bile duct diseases from ICC, as high expression of MRP8 and MRP14 suggests a poor prognosis after surgical resection.     

血清胱抑素C作为肾功能指标预测万古霉素谷浓度效能评估

目的 探讨应用血清胱抑素C（Cys C）作为肾功能指标预测万古霉素血药谷浓度的临床效用。方法收集81例接受万古霉素治疗的住院患者万古霉素血药谷浓度（Cmea）、血清肌酐（Scr）浓度、Cys C浓度，根据Scr或Cys C浓度结合Bayesian反馈法通过NONMEM软件预测万古霉素血药谷浓度（Cpre），比较预测Cpre与实测Cmea的相关性和差别。结果患者基于Scr或Cys C预测的Cpre与实测Cmea间均存在相关性（r=0.678，P<0.01；r=0.727，P<0.01）；基于Scr的平均预测误差（ME）、平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）分别为-5.79，6.86，9.86 μg.mL-1，基于Cys C的ME、MAE、RMSE则分别为-0.82，5.42，7.74 μg.mL-1。结论Cys C 是一项良好的肾功能指标，可用于预测万古霉素血药浓度，指导临床用药。     

冠心舒通胶囊治疗不稳定心绞痛病人校正QT离散度变化及意义

目的探讨应用冠心舒通胶囊(GSC)治疗对不稳定心绞痛病人校正QT离散度(c QTd)的影响及其与室性心律失常的关系。方法入选164例冠心病不稳定心绞痛(UAP)病人,UAP病人被随机分成两组,R1组在冠心病常规治疗基础上加用冠心舒通胶囊;R2组未加用冠心舒通胶囊;分别于入院时、治疗后第30天测12导联体表心电图c QTd值,记录入院24 h内及治疗后第30天心律紊乱(VA)的发生情况。比较治疗前后校正QT间期离散度、室性心律失常。结果 1UAP病人治疗前c QTd明显高于正常对照组,治疗后c QTd显著下降(65.95 ms±11.82 ms vs,45.47 ms±11.20 ms P=0.000)。2治疗前UAP病人组间c QTd比较无差异,治疗30 d后两组c QTd均较治疗前显著下降(P0.01),但R1组下降得更明显(P0.01)。治疗前后UAP病人组间Lown≥2级比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠心舒通胶囊治疗可以明显减小UAP病人心电图c QTd。